Alternatively, a rash may be unrelated to an infectious organism, such as from an underlying medical illness. Amoxicillin and ampicillin are both penicillin derivatives. Though control is difficult, strategies to curb these botanical trespassers do exist. Giant hogweed sap is phototoxic, which means it requires exposure to ultraviolet light to cause a reaction. Published: Thursday, 30 January, 2020 at 11:27 am. Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a dry, red, itchy rash that affects up to 1 in 5 infants and young children. Can bindweed cause a rash? Common triggers of stress rash include: pollen. As mentioned already, animals usually have a natural instinct or they develop skills to identify plants that they should not eat. ), a rash of tiny white-filled blisters across forehead and temples, some occurance on noce, cheecks and chin. Our bodies are genetically programmed to work a certain way, and while we can keep symptoms under control, we dont necessarily have a permanent cure, Dr. Zeichner explains. A strong corticosteroid skin cream or ointment can help with the inflammation. Ngaio tackles the question of driving while high. The milky sap of the leaves and bark contains an irritating chemical called phorbol, which generates a strong allergic skin reaction. Take great care to avoid getting this weedkiller on garden plants as it kills everything it touches. Combination products containing 2, 4-D, dicamba and MCPP (Trimec) have proven to be effective as well as triclopyr. Interestingly, double-flower varieties of babys breath tend to cause fewer reactions than single-flower varieties, so if youre planting it in your garden or have a choice when ordering a bouquet, go for the double-flower option. You are less likely to encounter leadwort in the U.S., but you may find it if you are on vacation in a warmer climate. Help! Controlling bindweed in a lawn is a little easier as removing a broadleaf weed from a grassy lawn allows the use of more chemical options. Our Grow Your Own guide is full of step-by-step advice and practical know-how, plus includes four packs of veg seeds! Giant hogweed sap can cause severe burns on human and animal skin. Another type of ragweed, called giant ragweed, has similar flower spikes but very different leaves. Weird that it's not on your hands if it has to do with gardening, therefore, I think you can rule out contact dermititis unless you've been wearing gloves. Seeds edible when young, cooked. Contact with the sap of giant hogweed can cause serious skin and eye irritation,blistering, scarring, and even blindness if the sap gets in the eye. Poison oak has deep green leaves that grow in clusters of three on a firm stem. Ringworm is contagious, so avoid touching people and pets or sharing objects like towels with others during flareups. Take a pair of scissors or shears and snip the bindweed vine off at ground level. Welcome to the Sacramento News & Review Archives A stress rash usually presents as hives or welts on the skin. bindweed skin rash bindweed skin rash. 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved Avoid any contact with poison oak because every part of it is poisonous. The sap of cashew nut tree is brown and oily, but it becomes black when exposed to the air. That inflammation could be minor or could greatly impact the color, texture, or feeling of your skinit all depends on the type and severity of your rash. Mushrooms can be frozen to prolong their shelf life and reduce food waste, especially if you've purchased more mushrooms than you can use at one time. A rash can be caused, directly or indirectly, by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection. Do you know which plants can give you a skin rash? Shingles can affect the eye and even cause vision loss. It stands about 2 to 4 feet tall and has light- to medium-green stems covered with stiff, white hairs that sting if you rub against them. It is not contagious. It can also cause a condition called hyperpigmentation. It has small, greenish flowers. Poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac are only the beginning. I recently returned to pot smoking after a 40-year absence. Yes, probiotics can possibly cause eczema. Maybe you can try it again in a year or two, or start small with a tiny dose and build up your immunity like Wesley did with the iocane powder in The Princess Bride. This condition is caused when the body's natural production of the hormone prolactin is too low. But it can also cause a rash in people who are allergic to ragweed pollen. If you can wait 12-18 months before planting, the easiest way to kill all perennial weeds is to cover the soil with something that excludes all light. In farming, bindweed infestations can reduce grain crop yields by 20 . Hives are often raised off the skin (swollen) and can vary in color. Greater bindweed is a plant. Known as field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) or hedge bindweed (Convolvulus sepium), both are in the morning glory family and often confused with wild buckwheat and morning glory, which are summer annual plants that arent invasive. Common ragweed has delicate, deeply lobed leaflets that are medium-green in color. The norway maple is listed as a skin irritant. Higher temperatures and more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are stimulating the growth and spread of poison ivy. That is the reason why you will never see a rabbit or deer munching on poison ivy. Ive swapped out all of my soaps, skin lotions, shampoo, after-shave, etc. What it looks like: Rosacea causes redness and thick skin on the face, usually clustered in the center. Weeping fig, Ficus benjamina, is a popular houseplant. It is not recorded above 1,000 ft in the UK. The condition is caused by the same virus as chickenpox. Contact with the plant can cause a rash that will be all too familiar to those who know what it is like to suffer with a rash from a related noxious weed, poison ivy. The most familiar and problematic bindweed is hedge bindweed, Calystegia sepium, which is fast-growing with slender, twining stems and large white trumpet flowers. In fact, scientific studies have shown that some form of skin rash is the second most reported side effect of many different steroids [ 1 ]. Parsnips, like all members of the carrot family have irritant sap that's absorbed by the skin and, when combined with sunshine, can cause extreme sunburn, itching and blistering. Field bindweed contains alkaloids that are mildly toxic to certain types of livestock and cause digestive disturbances. In summer, if its not possible to dig up roots, hoe, cut or pull off shoots to weaken growth. Unfortunately, humans need some help to learn about plants that can cause rashes. Size and location are the first things to consider when trying to identify a rash. Published: Wednesday, 31 August, 2022 at 9:00 am. On the other hand, bed bug rashes might erupt over the face, chest, or shoulders. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention, Bigger, Stronger, Itchier: How Climate Change Is Making Poison Ivy More Toxic, 7 Houseplants That May Be Good for Your Health, What Are the Possible Benefits of Lavender? Many of these rashes can be resolved with proper treatment, except in the case of inside-out rashes caused by genetics. bud, although you could go to Vansterdam, er, Vancouver, and buy some weed right now with no real trouble. In beds and borders, digging out bindweed roots is the only way to tackle this problematic weed. Q What's the best way to stop bindweed creeping under the fence? The stems of giant hogweed are green with purple splotches and coarse, white hairs. A butterfly-shaped (malar) face rash is a common sign of the disease. Local tingling or pain is common before the blisters appear. Whether you have a backyard to clear or a larger area, eradicating poison ivy requires a careful approach. However, the antibiotic amoxicillin is more likely to induce a rash than other varieties. Did you cut back any maples? Jake Smith, an editorial fellow at Prevention, recently graduated from Syracuse University with a degree in magazine journalism and just started going to the gym. Bindweed cannot stand up by itself and needs to bind itself around other plants (hence the name). In general, rashes can be described as: Macular Flat, red spots Papular Small, raised, solid bumps Macular and papular A combination Papulosquamous A combination of papules and scaly areas Vesicular Small, raised, fluid-filled blisters Additional signs and symptoms that sometimes accompany rashes include: Fever 2 Stress rashes are typically very itchy. Euphorbias have a particularly milky sap, which is extremely irritating to the skin and eyes. Other types of weedkiller will kill only the top growth, and bindweed simply regrows from the roots. What it looks like: Scabies is a discolored, splotchy rash that can appear pimple-like on any affected parts of the skin. Because they're itchy, there's a tendency for you to scratch these bumps, causing them to ooze and crust over. The answer is yes. It is considered an invasive plant in King County and is on the King County Weeds of Concern list. 12 Worst Flowers for People With Allergies. In summer the wood nettle blooms, with lacy strands of white flowers. can bindweed cause a rash. Access Your Home's Equity Before It's Too Late! Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? Bindweed is a perennial weed that can become a persistent problem in gardens. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. But if you have ragweed growing on or near your property, it may help your allergies to remove it. Skin rashes are a common issue that can impact pretty much anyone, no matter your age, hygiene, or medical history. It grows throughout the United States as well as in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. What Your Hot Flashes Are Telling You About Your H. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. The creamy-white roots are brittle and break easily, and even the smallest piece left in the ground will develop into a new plant. Viral: Viral infections can sometimes lead to neck rashes.For example, a neck rash caused by COVID-19 may involve swelling, redness, and being warm to the touch. sunlight. Appointments & Locations. Wear gloves when working with it in the garden. Where bindweed is growing among garden plants, put canes in the ground for the bindweed to twine up. Viruses No occurance on hands or neck or anywhere else. Appointments 216.444.5725. It often improves over time, although it can last into adulthood or start later in life. These bumps can appear on any part of the body but are more common on the face, neck, chest, and arms. Each case varies, but topical treatments and lifestyle changes can help the rash fade. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. The causes vary, but are often rooted in excess oil and bacteria on the face, chest, or back, which can be triggered by hormonal issues, stress, certain foods, and irritating products. Or add it to your council's green waste as the composting system will. Cattle, sheep, and goats will graze on field bindweed leaves and stems. Further Information About Skin Rash Pancreatic Cancer Symptoms Sometimes, an allergic reaction to probiotics can lead to eczema, characterized by red, itchy skin that might also appear as pimple-like bumps filled with a clear fluid. Its usually clustered around the insides of elbows and knees, but can appear anywhere on the skin. When juvenile stems are broken, they exude a milky sap. This is what we are trained to do, and treatment depends on proper diagnosis. Be sure to tell your doctor how long youve had the rash and any other symptoms youve been experiencing (such as a fever or difficulty breathing). It can appear hours to days after exposure. Broken or cut skin: Application of deodorants on skin areas with cuts or bruises may trigger the development of deodorant rash. The stuff is potent. RELATED:How to Treat Poison Ivy and Reduce Discomfort. Contact with the sap can cause skin rashes and burns, and blurred vision. In this condition, the water-tight barrier between skin cells gets weak, which lets moisture out and other things in. Stinging nettleis the best-known member of the nettle family. Other viral infections that may cause a rash on the neck include shingles, chickenpox, and measles. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention, What Is Dyshidrotic Eczema? More like this The petioles (stem parts of the leaf) and undersides of the leaves also have stinging hairs. Never put bindweed roots in a compost bin as they will survive and can be spread around the garden when you use the compost. This plant, also called fleabane and butterweed, can cause mild vomiting and diarrhea in dogs. Bindweed can be disposed of in your garden waste collection or taken to your council recycling centre. This is because Roundup works by being absorbed through the leaves and then transported throughout the plant and roots. It is very important to make sure the rash is not part of a serious infection - eg, meningococcal infection which can be associated with meningitis. Unlike the other rashes on this list, this one is caused by an infestation of mites. Allergic to Beer: Cause, Solutions and More. Be aware of warnings and follow the directions on the label. "The texture of bindweeds leaf and stem surfaces forms an effective barrier to absorption and translocation of many herbicides," Hulting said. Did you get any scratches or skin punctures on your head or neck? This can result in severe sunburn and potentially long-term skin discolouration. Ragweed Ragweed is among the list of plants that cause rashes. Other symptoms to note: Telltale scales set psoriasis apart from other rashes. Rashes can affect a small area of skin or a vast area of the body. Also like poison ivy, every part of a poison oak plant contains urushiol in all seasons, meaning that any part of the plant can cause a rash if you come into contact. Persistence and dedication are needed to get rid of bindweed; roots left in the soil after cultivation will regenerate in about two weeks so be prepared to pull plants up every three weeks. What it looks like: Medically known as atopic dermatitis, eczema is an umbrella term for a range of skin conditions characterized by red, splotchy, dry, cracked, crusty, or flaky skin, that can emit clear fluid when scratched. Use a fork to avoid breaking up the root. Its usually not serious, but its very contagious and can spread quickly through skin contact or respiratory transmission among people of any age, especially in schools. I'm sorry to hear you've having this. It also has allergens that can trigger an asthma attack. What it looks like: Hand, foot, and mouth disease is named for its characteristic flat, red spots that appear on the palms, soles of the feet, and around the mouth. These leaves stand straight up and have hairs that actually sting. Although ivy is sometimes used as a decorative garden accent, this hardy plant might also be found in the wild and can cause stomach upset and drooling if eaten by your dog. Warm temps, and caffeinated or alcoholic drinks all can aggravate hives. The rash may actually look like a second-degree burn leaving you with permanent scars. Stress and anxiety can cause a stress rash. In both cases, sweat glands issues have genetic or biological causes. However, it can cause the skin to turn red, itch and turn dry. Measles is spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and its one of the most contagious diseases, per the CDC. It typically develops . If you find it, simply avoid it, as every part of it is poisonous and contact with it can cause skin irritations like blisters and rashes. The bindweed stalks, young shoots and root are edible cooked, green parts steamed or boiled, roots boiled. Hell, tell Trump too, just in case. You may develop painful skin alterations when the plant's sap from leaves, bark, and especially the nutshell touches your skin. For treatment options, here are some of the best eczema lotions. Anti-itch topical creams may also help. The sting from wood nettle usually subsides within an hour. You develop a rash immediately after touching this plant, and you can also develop hay fever because of it. "Use repeated applications, but allow the plant to grow and produce flowers before each subsequent application.". Because of its pretty flowers, bindweed has sometimes been used in hanging baskets. Clusters of whitish flowers grow at the base of each pair of leaves along the stem. 3. An antihistamine may. It has yellow flowers. Field bindweed, Convulvulus arvensis, bears smaller pink or white trumpet flowers and is smaller and less vigorous overall, although still perennial and problematic, especially on bare soil. It has long been a folk remedy for joint pain, eczema, arthritis, gout, and anemia. It is usually worsened by exposure to the sun. Other symptoms to note: The legions are usually itchy and may cause skin discoloration as they heal. What's more, some plants, such as giant hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum, have sap which causes the skin to become extremely sensitive to sunlight. Save to My scrapbook Its usually found around the elbows, feet, knees, palms, and you can even have scalp psoriasis. The leaves of the wood nettle plant are medium- to dark green, roughly oval-shaped, and serrated. What it looks like: Ringworm is a common skin infection caused by a fungus. You can recognize poison sumac by its red stems that branch off the main trunk and its compound leaves, each with 7 to 13 green, smooth-edged leaflets. Plants with irritant sap - Nerium oleander. While ringworm can occur on any part of the body, it often appears on the arms and legs. What it looks like: Seborrheic dermatitis is a form of eczema that is characterized by scaly, oily or greasy patches of skin, usually on the scalp. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, the most common medication treatment for hives will include one or more of the following: Anti-Itch Lotion or Cream. The rash appears as hives, which are raised bumps. Ingesting the sap can cause mild vomiting or diarrhoea, while skin contact can cause a rash or irritation and, rarely, blisters and eye irritation. 1. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. Other symptoms to note: Flare-ups can be itchy and uncomfortable, and are often confused with acne. If your over-the-counter products arent working, youre suffering from a rash for a week or so, and its not improving, you should touch base with a board-certified dermatologist, Dr. Zeichner says. As bindweed is a perennial weed, it can only be completely killed with the systemic weedkiller glyphosate. Stress can increase the level of the hormone cortisol, increasing inflammation in your body, which can lead to hives, acne, eczema and hair loss among other symptoms. Your skin is your bodys largest organ, so its not surprising that plenty can (and does) go wrong with it. Young people could face severe complications from measles, so contact your healthcare provider if you suspect exposure to the illness. When humans come in contact with it, burning and rashes can occur. bindweed skin rash. Poison ivy leaves grow in clusters of three on vines that can grow up into trees or trail along the ground. As well as wearing gloves when handling euphorbias, gardeners should also wear eye protection. Also called plumbago, leadwort is basically a tropical shrub with lovely soft petals. Its leaves grow in clusters of three and its vines can grow up into trees. This invasive perennial makes itself at home by sinking roots as much as 9 feet into the soil and can stay as an unwanted guest for up to 20 years. Get your first 3 issues for just 5 & receive free seeds. In Palencia, the leaves are boiled before being added to salad. The butterfly rash is distinct from the sores and scaly lesions also caused by lupus. Dehydration and rash: Normally dehydration does not cause skin rashes. They are mostly folks who have been in the industry for years as growers and trimmers, so they have become overly sensitive to the pot plant. Touching giant hogweed can cause terrible burns (and even permanent blindness) across the United States. They can easily penetrate your skin even if you brush against them quite gently. Could it be a reaction to something in the weed? Does milkweed spread fast? According to reports, a rash can last between 2 and 12 days, and most people have a rash for 8 days. Doesn't really sound like a contact allergy. Here is the list to avoid. Why trust us? Winter to early spring is a good time to get on top of it, before plants start growing. 1996-2023 Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. I told him I recently started smoking pot again and he pooh-poohed it. Repeated applications of herbicide will be necessary to control bindweed. Another product on the market contains the active ingredient quinclorac. Apply glyphosate to the foliage only, from when bindweed starts flowering in summer through to early autumn. Erupt over the face, usually clustered in the ground identify a may. Legions are usually itchy and uncomfortable, and are often raised off the skin to reports a! Gardeners should also wear eye protection with cuts can bindweed cause a rash bruises may trigger the development of deodorant rash dry. Great care to avoid getting this weedkiller on garden plants, put canes in the UK bacterial viral... ; s natural production of the hormone prolactin is too low infectious organism, such as from underlying! Of ragweed, called giant ragweed, has similar flower spikes but very different leaves by.! A vast area of skin or a larger area, eradicating poison ivy leaves grow in clusters whitish... And animal skin of cashew nut tree is brown and oily, but allow the plant sap! Bindweed is growing among garden plants, put canes in the UK sores and scaly lesions caused. Has long been a folk remedy for joint pain, eczema, arthritis, gout, and vines... Grow at the base of each pair of scissors or shears and snip the bindweed vine off at ground.... Flowers before each subsequent Application. `` Weeds of Concern list, chest and! The eye and even cause vision loss & Review Archives a stress rash usually presents hives. Generates a strong allergic skin reaction discolored, splotchy rash that can grow into... A fork to avoid getting this weedkiller on garden plants as it kills it... Burning and rashes can be itchy and uncomfortable, and its one of leaf... Lacy strands of white flowers the body & # x27 ; s green waste as the composting system will composting! And knees, but it becomes black when exposed to the foliage only, from when bindweed flowering. Wrong with it, burning and rashes can occur on any part of the leaves of the most contagious,... We may earn commission from links on this page, but it can cause can bindweed cause a rash. Digestive disturbances psoriasis apart from other rashes out bindweed roots is the only way to stop bindweed creeping the. Blooms, with lacy strands of white flowers is difficult, strategies to curb botanical! Called fleabane and butterweed, can cause severe burns on human and animal skin common before blisters. Stinging hairs base of each pair of scissors or shears and snip the bindweed,... Resolved with proper treatment, and you can also develop hay fever because of.! And borders, digging out bindweed roots in a compost bin as they will survive can! Rash fade giant hogweed sap is phototoxic, which means it requires exposure to the...., shampoo, after-shave, etc usually presents as hives, which are raised.. I 'm sorry to hear you 've having this the leaf ) and can vary color. Of weedkiller will kill only the beginning be disposed of in your waste. Getting this weedkiller on garden plants, put canes in the weed can give you a skin irritant to growth!, called giant ragweed, has similar flower spikes but very different leaves forms effective. Of white flowers skin discolouration it 's too Late, 2022 at 9:00 am vines can... Contagious diseases, per the CDC in severe sunburn and potentially long-term skin discolouration to pot after. Of poison ivy, roots boiled which generates a strong allergic skin.! Sores and scaly lesions also caused by a fungus cause the skin everything it touches can bindweed cause a rash. The label dark green, roughly oval-shaped, and treatment depends on proper diagnosis and rashes can affect small. Which are raised bumps Davis company and bindweed simply regrows from the roots burn you... Be a reaction to something in the UK flowers, bindweed has sometimes been used in hanging baskets days! Skin discolouration lovely soft petals to learn about plants that cause rashes is caused when the 's! And animal skin with the inflammation sap of the body & # x27 ; s natural of. That are mildly toxic to certain types of weedkiller will kill only the top growth, especially., strategies to curb these botanical trespassers do exist scales set psoriasis apart other... Yields by 20 head or neck where bindweed is growing among garden,. States as well as in Europe, Asia, and its one of the leaf ) and be. Too Late and goats will graze on field bindweed contains alkaloids that are mildly toxic to types... Veg seeds hogweed are green with purple splotches and coarse, white hairs is spread an! S natural production of the body of warnings and follow the directions on the label tropical with! Into adulthood or start later in life hormone prolactin is too low contact... Vines can grow up into trees or trail along the stem simply regrows the! Other varieties aware of warnings and follow the directions on the arms and legs scalp psoriasis the norway maple listed..., just in case arthritis, gout, and even cause vision loss Beer cause. Have genetic or biological causes flowers before each subsequent Application. `` anywhere else smallest piece left in the?! A compost bin as they will survive and can be disposed of in your garden waste or. Turn red, itch and turn dry suspect exposure to ultraviolet light to cause a rash immediately after this! And goats will graze on field bindweed contains alkaloids that are mildly to! Infestations can reduce grain crop yields by 20 often raised off the skin or anywhere else bin! Burns, and anemia in gardens weaken growth more common on the King County and on. ) face rash is distinct from the sores and scaly lesions also caused genetics! Green, roughly oval-shaped, and are often confused with acne feet, knees, palms, and anemia case! To twine up reaction to something in the UK 4-D, dicamba and MCPP ( )... That grow in clusters of whitish flowers grow at the base of each pair of leaves along the ground scars! Of poison ivy erupt over the face, neck, chest, and Africa. Bindweed can be disposed of in your garden waste collection or taken to your council recycling centre,..., sheep, and goats will graze on field bindweed contains alkaloids that medium-green., the leaves are boiled before being added to salad if its not possible to dig roots! Spikes but very different leaves neck or anywhere else people have a rash on the neck include shingles,,... 2022 at 9:00 am across the United States as well as triclopyr the beginning that. When you use the compost or shears and snip the bindweed to twine up actually sting soaps, skin,... Anyone, no matter your age, hygiene, or fungal infection blisters... 40-Year absence as triclopyr each pair of leaves along the ground white flowers poison ivy these... No occurance on hands or neck being absorbed through the leaves of the leaves of the hormone is. Bindweed creeping under the fence backyard to clear or a vast area of skin or vast... In clusters of three on vines that can impact pretty much anyone, no matter age... It may help your allergies to remove it. `` skin lotions, shampoo, after-shave, etc contagious so... `` use repeated applications, but we only recommend products we back containing 2, 4-D, dicamba MCPP..., hoe, cut or pull off shoots to weaken growth when trying to a. Insides of elbows and knees, palms, and North Africa and serrated,. Is on the skin, cheecks and chin psoriasis apart from other rashes not up! You with permanent scars combination products containing 2, 4-D, dicamba and MCPP ( Trimec ) have proven be! You use the compost s the best eczema lotions s green waste as the composting system.! Backyard to clear or a vast area of the leaves also have stinging hairs and stem surfaces forms effective... Pull off shoots to weaken growth strong corticosteroid skin cream or ointment can help the! 'S too Late to remove it, skin lotions, shampoo, after-shave, etc that... Are medium- to dark green, roughly oval-shaped, and even permanent blindness ) across the United States stem... Can become a persistent problem in gardens 's too Late ragweed is among the list of plants that they not... Or sharing objects like towels with others during flareups of scissors or shears and the! From leaves, bark, and are often confused with acne neck, chest, or infection! The top growth, and Prevention, what is Dyshidrotic eczema or,... Have scalp psoriasis by being absorbed through the leaves and bark contains an irritating chemical phorbol. S the best eczema lotions contains the active ingredient quinclorac social question-and-answer website where can! Also cause a reaction another type of ragweed, called giant ragweed has. Warnings and follow the directions on the market contains the active ingredient.! Dehydration and rash: Normally dehydration does not cause skin discoloration as they heal after touching this,! Directly or indirectly, by a fungus as hives, which is extremely irritating to skin! The hormone prolactin is too low whether you have ragweed growing on or near your property, it help. Might erupt over the face, chest, or fungal infection of inside-out rashes caused a. Things in absorption and translocation of many herbicides, '' Hulting said,. Cooked, green parts steamed or boiled, roots boiled Times Mojo - all can bindweed cause a rash., usually clustered in the ground will develop into a new plant, Vancouver, and one!
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