Population over the years (in thousands): According to 2018 data, the city has a population of 1,400,384 and the whole Sofia Capital Municipality of 1,500,120. In 809, Serdica was incorporated into the Bulgarian Empire by Khan Krum and became known as Sredets. The parks are equipped with safe, modern, playground equipment, and there are both childrens playgrounds and indoor recreational facilities for children. Skiing equipment can be rented and skiing lessons are available. [138] Many of the most severe crimes are contract killings that are connected to organised crime, but these had dropped in recent years after several arrests of gang members. "The Cambridge Ancient History", Volume 3, Part 2: Mihailov, G., Thracians, Sofia, 1972, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, quote in Bulgarian: . The National Palace of Culture, the citys football stadiums, and the citys large halls are venues for concerts and performances by famous individuals and groups. [166] In 2015, Forbes listed Sofia as one of the top 10 places in the world to launch a startup business, because of the low corporate tax (10%), the fast internet connection speeds available one of the fastest in the world, and the presence of several investment funds, including Eleven Startup Accelerator, LAUNCHub and Neveq. Manufacturing has registered a strong recovery since 2012, increasing the exports three-fold and the employment by 52% accounting for over 70,000 jobs. According to the census, 1,056,738 citizens (87.9%) are recorded as ethnic Bulgarians, 17,550 (1.5%) as Romani, 6,149 (0.5%) as Turks, 9,569 (0.8%) belonged to other ethnic groups, 6,993 (0.6%) do not self-identify and 105,762 (8.8%) remained with undeclared affiliation. The natural growth rate during 2009 was 0.2 per mile, the first positive growth rate in nearly 20 years. Sofias parks are a favorite place for rest and recreation. "[102], From the 14th century till the 19th century Sofia was an important administrative center in the Ottoman Empire. The National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria is a combined opera and ballet collective established in 1891. [142] With 1,600 prisoners, the incarceration rate is above 0.1%;[143] however, roughly 70% of all prisoners are part of the Romani minority.[144]. The birth rate per 1000 people was 12.3 per mile and steadily increasing in the last 5 years, the death rate reaching 12.1 per mile and decreasing. Following his capture in 1873, Vasil Levski was transferred and hanged in Sofia by the Ottomans. By the 19th century the Bulgarian population had two schools and seven churches, contributing to the Bulgarian National Revival. In 1900, the first electric lightbulb in the city was turned on. The most dynamic sectors include Information technology (IT) and manufacturing. Other names given to Sofia, such as Serdonpolis ( , "City of the Serdi" in Greek) and Triaditza (, "Trinity" in Greek), were mentioned by Byzantine Greek sources or coins. Several smaller parks, among which the Vazrazhdane Park, Zaimov Park, City Garden and the Doctors' Garden, are located in central Sofia. As the city grew outwards, the then-new neighbourhoods were dominated by many concrete tower blocks, prefabricated panel apartment buildings and examples of Brutalist architecture. With their vital, humanistic realism they are a Renaissance phenomenon at its culmination phase in the context of the common-European art.[152]. complete the classification process; 2. Vitosha is in the south; the Balkan Mountains define the valley's northern fringes. [204] The city also hosts 23 of Bulgaria's 51 higher education establishments and more than 105,000 university students. Thus, Sofia became the first capital on the world to be overflown by enemy aircraft.[114]. A number of ancient Roman, Byzantine and medieval Bulgarian buildings are preserved in the centre of the city. [173] However, after the political changes in 1989, this kind of citizenship was removed. It was liberated five centuries later, in 1878, and on April 3, 1879, it was declared the capital of the newly-liberated Bulgarian nation. The route from Western Europe to Istanbul passes through Sofia via Beograd and Skopje, then through Plovdiv to Turkey. Sredets joined the uprising of Peter Delyan in 10401041 in a failed attempt to restore Bulgarian independence and was the last stronghold of the rebels, led by the local commander Botko. The highest recorded temperature is 41C (106F) (5 July 2000 and 24 July 2007). There is hardly another city in all of Europe that has so many noteworthy Christian, Islamic, and Jewish monuments so close together. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Private automobile ownership has grown rapidly in the 1990s; more than 1,000,000 cars were registered in Sofia after 2002. The city is known for its 49 mineral and thermal springs. In 1945, the communist Fatherland Front took power. The city gained its present name at the end of the 14th century, in honor of the citys major symbol, The Saint Sofia Basilica. At the beginning of the 9th century, the Bulgarian Han Krum (reign 803-814) invaded Serdika. [68] Solid fuel used for heating and motor vehicle traffic are significant sources of pollutants. In addition, Sofia hosted EuroBasket 1957 and the 1961 and 1977 Summer Universiades, as well as the 1983 and 1989 winter editions. Issues examined include: age of facilities; accreditation; compliance with policy and procedure standards; adequacy of policy and procedure manuals; adequacy of staffing; staff turnover; compliance with staffing standards; compliance with staff training standards; exceeding capacity; coordinating councils; pretrial services programs; availability of specific pretrial services; use of jail alternatives; compliance classification standards; objective jail classification; housing configurations; compliance with security standards; adequacy of security capabilities; compliance with documentation standards; quality of documentation; use of automated jail management systems; data exchange with other criminal justice agencies; Internet access; funding authority relations; compliance with standards concerning fire codes; compliance with work site safety standards; compliance with health and sanitation standards; and cleanliness and sanitation. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. As a consequence of the bombings thousands of buildings were destroyed or damaged including the Capital Library and thousands of books. Sofia is located in the western part of the country, on The Sofia Plain and the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha. Since it is the nations capital, Sofia constantly plays host to important cultural and musical events, conferences, and sports competitions. Heinrichs. During the 1970s and the 1980s multiple ski slopes of varying difficulty were made available. One year later, in 1880, it was the fifth-largest city in the country after Plovdiv, Varna, Ruse and Shumen. [145] The Ivan Vazov National Theatre, which performs mainly classical plays and is situated in the very centre of the city, is the most prominent theatre. The Boyana Film studios was at the centre of a once-thriving domestic film industry, which declined significantly after 1990. [171] Services dominate the economy, accounting for 88.6% of the gross value added, followed by industry 11.3% and agriculture 0.1%.[169][172]. Near Sofia, in the Vitosha, Lozen, and Stara Planina (Central Balkan) Mountains, over the centuries so many monasteries have been founded that they came to be known as Sofias Holy Mountains. The decision was announced in November 2014 by the Evaluation Committee of ACES Europe, on the grounds that "the city is a good example of sport for all, as means to improve healthy lifestyle, integration and education, which are the basis of the initiative.". Only over 1% of the juridically married do not de facto live within marriage. Besides the city proper, the 24 districts of Sofia Municipality encompass three other towns and 34 villages. In the coldest days temperatures can drop below 15C (5F), most notably in January. : +359 885 921 620 E-mail:chitalnyata@gmail.com. When it comes to the cityscape, 16th century sources mention eight Friday mosques, three public libraries, numerous schools, 12 churches, three synagogues, and the largest bedesten (market) of the Balkans. Vitosha mountain is a popular hiking destination due to its proximity and ease of access via car and public transport. Ancient Gold: The Wealth of the Thracians. Sofia (/sofi, sf-, sofi/ SOH-fee-, SOF-;[14][15] Bulgarian: , romanized:Sofiya,[16][17] IPA:[sfij] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. Effective offender classification is essential in corrections, not only to support daily management and administration, but also to keep the system responsive to changing offender demographics, sentencing statutes, and agency policy. [78], The earliest tribes who settled were the Thracian Tilataei. In the churchs crypt, there is an exhibit of Orthodox Christian art. [168] The total nominal GDP in 2018 was 38.5billion leva ($22.4billion), or 33,437 leva ($19,454) per capita,[169][170] and average monthly wages in March 2020 were $1,071, the highest nationally. [94] In the aftermath of the war, the city was permanently integrated in Bulgaria and became known by the Slavic name of Sredets. [78][87] It gradually became the most important Roman city of the region. [70] During the October 2017 March 2018 heating season, particulate levels exceeded the norm on 70 occasions;[69] on 7 January 2018, PM10 levels reached 632g/m3,[72] some twelve times the EU norm of 50g/m3. Consulted online on 23 January 2018. The city became an inseparable part of The First Bulgarian Empire (7th-9th centuries) under Han Omurtag (reign 814-831). Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. Multinationals with major research, development, innovation and engineering centers in Sofia include the second largest global IT center of Coca-Cola,[175] Ubisoft,[176] Hewlett-Packard,[177] VMware,[178] Robert Bosch GmbH,[179] Financial Times,[180] Experian, etc. The mountain offers favourable skiing conditions during the winter. Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin Hoover PD; Bond Number Bond Type Bond Amount; 2023-00000019: Good Bond: 2023-00000020: Good Bond: 2023-00000021: Good Bond: Charges Court Date Court Court Room; No data: Number Charge . Out of 464,865 homes 432,847 have connection to the communal sanitary sewer, while 2,732 do not have any. It was the citys major church during the Middle Ages, and under the Ottomans, it was used as a mosque. The city was also an applicant for the 2014 Winter Olympics, but was not selected as candidate. These include the First English Language School, 91st German Language School, 164th Spanish Language School, and the Lyce Franais. Close to the museum is the Boyana Church, one of the Bulgarian monuments that are listed among the UNESCO World Heritage sites. LI, 25, 4 erhellt)", "Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. However, the end of the old administration and centrally planned system also paved the way for chaotic and unrestrained construction, which continues today. A refurbishment project is due to be completed in mid-2019,[131] while the old National Assembly building will become a museum or will only host ceremonial political events. The Konyarnika Center is 1,507 meters high. The city is located at a strategic crossroads. [210] More than 20,000 students[211] study in its 16 faculties. [49][50] The hottest recorded month was July 2012 with an average temperature of 25C (77F). inmate classification vg3 alabama meaning a nice variety of treatment and work programs too. [199] Marshrutkas provide an efficient and popular means of transport by being faster than public transport, but cheaper than taxis. III. Amid of the citys religious landmarks, directly across from The Presidential Palace, is the National Archeological Museum, which has in its collection some of the most valuable treasures discovered in Bulgaria. Within the municipality, three-quarters, or 965,328 people are recorded as having access to television at home and 836,435 (64.8%) as having internet. The Boyana Church, a UNESCO World Heritage site, contains realistic frescoes, depicting more than 240 human images and a total 89 scenes, were painted. ", National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria, "Sofia Council - 2019-2023", ":: 27 2019", "The party of Kuneva overcomes the falsified ballots with machines", "Escaped from Arena Armeets tell about the nightmare", "The head of the electoral commission in Sofia is resigning at the request of Borissov", " :: 2015", " ? The heat distribution piping network is 900km (559mi) long and comprises 14,000 substations and 10,000 heated buildings. We also sponsor a peer-training network for large jail administrators, including meetings and an online discussion forum. Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union. [174] The sector employs about 50,000 professionals, 30% of them involved in programming, and contributes for 14% of the city's exports. One of the most popular tourist destinations in Sofia, the church can hold roughly 5,000 people, and on important Christian holidays, it is filled with believers. Sofia concentrates the majority of Bulgaria's leading performing arts troupes. We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on the design and operation of direct supervision jails and on key elements in managing inmate behavior in all types of jails. We also sponsor a peer-training network for large jail administrators, including meetings and online! 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